Definitions and Differences: Incandescent Magma vs. Incandescent Lava

UNGKIT.COM – In volcanology, the term incandescence refers to a bright glow or a state of burning red heat caused by extreme temperatures. This term is associated with magma and lava, resulting in the terms "incandescent magma" and "incandescent lava."

Incandescent magma consists of molten rock located within a magma chamber beneath the Earth's surface. These magma chambers are situated at depths of several tens of kilometers below the Earth's crust.

Magma possesses extremely high temperatures—ranging from 700°C to 1,300°C—and exists under high pressure.

Incandescent magma is a mixture of molten rock, gases (such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur), and mineral crystals. When this incandescent magma reaches the Earth's surface during a volcanic eruption, it is referred to as lava.

If magma cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface, it forms intrusive igneous rock (such as granite). If it solidifies on the surface as lava, it becomes extrusive igneous rock (such as basalt).

Incandescent lava, on the other hand, is the hot, molten magma that flows onto the Earth's surface from a volcano during an eruption while in a glowing, red-hot state.

Incandescent lava is characterized by high temperatures ranging from 700 to 1,200 degrees Celsius. It glows with a bright red or orange hue due to the intense heat.

Due to its extreme heat, incandescent lava has the destructive power to melt, damage, and incinerate anything in its flow path.

The primary difference between incandescent magma and incandescent lava lies in their location—whether they are inside or outside the Earth. Although the base material is identical, the name changes once the hot fluid breaks through to the surface. 

Magma is molten rock or extremely hot silicate liquid located within the Earth's interior (in a magma chamber or the Earth's crust), whereas lava is molten magma that has emerged and flows onto the Earth's surface during a volcanic eruption through a crater or fissure. (*)

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