Similarities and Differences Among The Houthi, Hamas and Hezbollah

UNGKIT.COM – The Houthi, Hamas, and Hezbollah groups are three non-state actors in the Middle East that belong to an informal alliance known as the "Axis of Resistance," which opposes Zionist Israel and Western influence, with primary support from Iran.

All three groups are funded, trained, armed, and politically supported by Iran as part of an asymmetric warfare strategy (the "Ring of Fire"). They are hybrid entities, possessing both military or militant wings and political or social functions within their respective territories.

Furthermore, they support one another and demonstrate mutual solidarity—most notably during the conflict in Gaza, which has intensified since October 2023, with both Hezbollah and the Houthis launching attacks against Israel in support of Hamas.

Although all three receive support from Iran, the Houthis, Hezbollah, and Hamas each have distinct characteristics. The Houthi group—often spelled "Houthi"—is a political, religious, and armed military movement based in Yemen, with a membership predominantly composed of followers of the Zaydi branch of Shia Islam.

Regarding the Houthis, read more in the article titled: Involved in The War in The Middle East, Who Exactly Are the Houthis?

Meanwhile, Hamas is based in Gaza, Palestine, and was formed in 1987 as a branch of the Palestinian Muslim Brotherhood—an Islamic political movement established in Egypt in 1928. Other sources indicate that Hamas also operates in the West Bank, as well as in countries such as Qatar and Egypt, and within Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon.

Hezbollah, on the other hand, was formed in 1982 and is based in southern Lebanon. While Hamas’s primary focus is Palestinian independence, Hezbollah’s objectives are broader; in addition to opposing the Zionist state of Israel and Western influence, Hezbollah supports the mission of Iran.

Another distinction between the two groups lies in the branch of Islam they follow. Hamas is predominantly Sunni—the largest branch of Islam, which is the majority faith in several countries, including Egypt. Hezbollah, conversely, is a Shia group—the second-largest branch of Islam, which is followed by the majority of the population in Iran. (*)

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